Legal framework: From the eCMR Protocol to the eFTI Regulation
The basis for electronic consignment notes is the eCMR Protocol—an addition to the CMR Convention that is already in force in many countries. It allows for the digital processing of cross-border transports, provided that signature, authenticity, and data integrity are ensured. The German Commercial Code (HGB) (§ 408 (3)) also accepts electronic consignment notes if they fulfill the same evidential function as the paper form.
This is supplemented by EU Regulation 2020/1056 (“eFTI”), which obliges authorities to accept digital freight information. For the first time, it creates a uniform Europe-wide framework for electronic transport documents.
Practical example: eCMR on the road
A freight forwarder delivering goods from Germany to Belgium creates the consignment note digitally. Drivers and recipients access the eCMR via a secure system. Changes during the journey (e.g., a new recipient) are automatically documented. Authorities along the route can view the consignment note online—without stacks of paper or stamps.
Dangerous goods go digital
Electronic documents are also permitted for dangerous goods, provided they meet the requirements of the ADR (e.g., subsection 5.4.0.2). Germany has published guidelines on this subject that allow for digital processing. This gives rescue workers and authorities faster access to safety-related information.
Technical implementation and advantages
Digital freight documents require advanced electronic signatures, secure IT systems, and clear responsibilities. Platforms such as the open-source tools tested in the Fraunhofer “Silicon Economy” project demonstrate how tamper-proof, automated processing works. Advantages for companies:
- Time savings due to the elimination of paper and postal delivery times
- Fewer errors thanks to structured data entry
- Real-time tracking of shipments
- Better legal and documentation security
Conclusion
Electronic freight documents are on the rise—not only because of EU regulations, but also due to technical feasibility and clear advantages in everyday use. Companies that adopt eCMR, eFTI, and digital dangerous goods documents early on benefit from faster processes, fewer errors, and greater transparency.
Summary of the key facts
- eCMR and digital dangerous goods documents are legally permissible and have been tested in practice.
- EU Regulation 2020/1056 requires the acceptance of electronic freight information.
- Companies save time and improve traceability through digitalization.
